Africa, Socialist Schools in

Mahgoub El-Tigani Mahmoud

The African concern for the state and society socioeconomic and political advancement led to the consideration of both capitalist and socialist paths of development, which brought about a wealth of anthropological studies on precapitalist forms of the social organization, colonialist policies innovating the society, and the challenges of postindependence times to carry out sustainable development by the new states. African socialist thought incorporated the African supernatural values, including Islam or Christianity, into socialist ideas. Nkrumah adopted both Marxist socialism and Christianity in Ghana without any contradiction between the two. Leopold Senghor (1960–1980) maintained reconciliatory relations between the Christian and the Muslim groups of Senegal, and Nasser considered Islam as an essential part of Egyptian life and which, perhaps, could assist the revolution. The early 1950s throughout the 1960s witnessed the continent's rejection of the inherited capitalist planning of the colonial authorities and an increasing yearning to do away with the ...

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