Gardner, Howard

Ellen Winner

Howard Gardner's career trajectory as a developmental psychologist parallels that of his age cohort in some ways, while deviating from the canonical pattern in others. Attracted to developmental psychology by his reading of Jean Piaget and his meeting Jerome Bruner, he soon gravitated to cognitive development, with a special interest in human symbolic capacities. Following postdoctoral work in neurology and neuropsychology, he pursued parallel empirical research programs in cognitive development and neuropsychology. His regular production of research articles for the scholarly community was complemented by a steady stream of books directed principally at the general reader and at college and graduate students. Around 1980, Gardner's empirical work culminated in the positing of the theory of multiple intelligences, for which he is best known. In the 1980s, like many of his colleagues, he moved in a more applied direction, focusing particularly on issues of teaching, learning, and school reform. In the ...

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