Black Racial Identity Development

Adam M. Voight & Matthew A. Diemer

Black racial identity development (BRID) theory explains the processes by which Black people (the term Black is used here, rather than African American , to reflect the terminology in models of identity development) develop a healthy sense of themselves as racial beings and of their Blackness in a toxic sociopolitical environment. BRID is generally viewed as a derivation of more general racial/cultural development theory, in that it describes the importance of race in an individual's self-concept. However, BRID is distinctive in its attention to the unique experience of Black people in dealing with racial discrimination and oppression. The concept of race has played a historically important role in the lives of Black people in the United States, as reflected in the early writings of W. E. B. Du Bois. In the most recent literature, Black identity development has been associated with factors such as psychological health, academic achievement, acculturation, psychosocial ...

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