Human Genome Project

John K. Grandy

The Human Genome Project (HGP) is an international project that was coordinated by the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Institutes of Health. Other major partners and additional contributions came from the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Japan, and China. This project was formally initiated in October 1990 and finally completed in 2003. However, analyses of these data will continue for many years to follow. The goals of HGP were to identify all the genes in human DNA (which is approximately 20,000 to 25,000), determine all of the sequences of the chemical base pairs (about 3 billion) that make up human DNA, store this information and make it available in databases, make improvements on tools used for data analysis, eventually transfer related technologies to the private biotechnology sectors, and address the legal, social, and ethical issues that will ultimately arise as a result of the completion of this project. Many ...

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