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International Encyclopedia of Political Science

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International Encyclopedia of Political Science

Bertrand Badie & Dirk Berg-Schlosser & Leonardo Morlino

Pub. date: 2011 | Online Pub. Date: October 04, 2011 | DOI: 10.4135/9781412994163 | Print ISBN: 9781412959636 | Online ISBN: 9781412994163| Publisher:SAGE Publications, Inc.

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Violence

Ekkart Zimmermann

In addition to finding food and shelter, the containment of violence has always been a vital issue for humankind. Violence denotes the use of physical force to inflict injury on persons or cause damage to property and manifests itself in forms as different as homicide or state violence (e.g., repression, coercion). This definition is independent of agents, objects, or circumstances of violence. Political violence can be distinguished from collective or civil violence (such as social banditry) by (a) the number of persons involved, (b) the intentions of the actors , and (c) the reactions of the public . The more discontent is blamed on the political system, the greater the potential for political violence. Often, there is no clear boundary between a bargaining , a coercion , and a terror model in the use of violence. Also, domestic (political) violence is to be distinguished from interstate violence in that Typologies ...

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