Key Documents: Section III. Journalism Education: Preparation for Change - Journalism White Papers on Changes in Education and Media

Joseph Pulitzer, a respected newspaper publisher, gave the founding gift for The Journalism School at Columbia University in 1903. At the time, there were no graduate schools of journalism anywhere in the United States, and many in the field could not see the educational merit of such an endeavor. Horace White, a prominent editor, soon wrote a mocking article in North American Review that made the case against the need for Columbia's Journalism School or any other that might follow. Pulitzer's May 1904 rebuttal in the same publication became what Columbia's current dean, Nicholas Lemann, called “an eloquent and heartfelt manifesto” for the school and journalism schools in general. Pulitzer's reply begins by countering White's notion that great journalists are products, for the most part, of nature rather than nurture —“born, not made.” The writer systematically refutes White's claim that fine journalism stems primarily from fortunate gifts obtained at birth. ...

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