Solitaire and Variations of

John Barnhill

Solitaire is a group of card games whose name comes from the French word meaning patience. Patience is the name used for solitaire in Great Britain and elsewhere. It is called Reussite (Success) in France, and Kabal or Kabala (Secret Knowledge) in Poland, Denmark, and Norway. Most of the older games that appear in literature have French names, reinforcing the view that their origins were in France. Among them are La Nivernaise, Le Cadran, La Belle Lucie , and Le Loi Salique . Other games include Napoleon's Square and Napoleon at St. Helena. Solitaire games use one or more decks of 52 cards in four suits. Solitaire was possibly first played with tarot cards as a means of telling fortunes. Solitaire is often confused with solitary, perhaps because modern Solitaire is mostly a one-player game. Solitaire games may predate traditional multiplayer games. Playing cards appeared in Europe first in 14th-century ...

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